Nankivell -- information about the name and variants

You could also visit  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankivell

Nankivell, Nanskevell, Nanskeval, Nanskival, Nansceval, Nanscuval

Even Nankervis.  We are told that all these name variants are all taken from one place-name 

in the Cornish parish of St Mawgan Pydar.

All these names are derived from the Cornish word "Nans" meaning "Valley" and the "personal name Cuvel"

And significantly St Mawgan-in-Pydar is a mere four miles from Saint Columb Major - why? Read on !

Its church is dedicated to St Mauganus; a Welshman who is also honoured at Mawgan in Meneage in Kerrier 

(the most southerly tip of Cornwall - the Lizard) and also in Wales and Brittany

Apparently one person, way back when, liked to spell it Nankyvell !!

Please read on, and near the end do play those calypsos !

We are told that Cornish surnames are characterised by a multiple spelling variations. 

This is put down to the fact that early and middle English lacked spelling rules. But also,

church officials at christenings, marriages etc sometimes wrote down the name just as it sounded to them.

In the 1891 census there were 87 Nankivell families living in Cornwall, which was 37% of all recorded Nankivells in the UK.

This 1891 census tells us that Cornwall (Kernow) was the county with the highest population of Nankivell families.

Here is information on the origin of these closely related versions:

The Nankivell name's meaning is given here below - and more - much more !

        Last update 14th April 2021

Our earliest known Nankivell ancester is Odo de Nanscuval - which means "Odo of the place which has the name Nanscuval"

An early Cornish written-record has it that, in the year 1324 

"Lands at St Columb Major were granted to Odoni de Nanscuvel and his wife Rosee". 

Of course "de" is the French word meaning "of"

So we got our surname from a piece of land  - a normal procedure of around those times.

In our case the piece of land is near the Cornwall town Saint Columb Major

Another record - of circa 1440 A.D. - tells us of a certain Typett Nanskevell of Saint Columb Major - so our name is evolving.

A direct descendant "John Nanskevall alias Typpett of St Columb Major" was born 1470 and died after 1500.

Now this John Nanskevall had four sons who were all surnamed Nankevill

The eldest, Marke Nankevill alias Typpett of St Columb Major, had three grandsons 

all surnamed Nankivell born 1580 and soonafter - so our surname Nankivell  

continued from then on, having finished evolving.

The Cornish motto is "ONEN HAG OLL" which means "One and All"

Which also means "Cornwall is for all of us" hinting that some Cornish people believe Cornwall is a nation,

which it was, from the removal of the Romans up to the year 901 when it agreed to become part of the kingdom of Wessex.

For centuries Cornwall still kept its own culture. Cornwall still calls itself Kernow - the "wall" part of "Cornwall", like "Wales", comes from the Anglo-Saxon word "Wealas", meaning "foreigner".

King Edgar (956-975) of Anglo-Saxon England, styled himself as "King of the English and ruler of the adjacent nations"

Saint Columb Major, or Saint Columb the Greater as it was known in ancient times, 

was big enough to be granted a market in 1333 by King Edward III

Some say it was founded in the 6th century by Saint Columban, who came to Cornwall from Ireland to convert 

the pagan Celts both in Cornwall and then in Brittany

In France at the heart of Guyenne in the Aquitaine there is a village called "Saint-Colomb-de-Lauzun"  600Km south of Paris.

We learn it was founded in 580 AD by Saint Columban. 

We are told that this saint arrived in France from Ireland with 12 companions on an evangelising tour of Europe

This website was prepared and is built and occasionally added to by Edmund Typpett Nankivell (born1936)    
     whose grandfather Edmund and all his known antecedents were born in Cornwall, 
                 Grandfather Edmund Nankivell grew up in the house in St Columb Major called Penmellyn  
                     before joining the Royal Navy.

There are three pieces of evidence pointing to Nanskeval and its variants (including Nanscuval) 
being a small area of land just outside the western parish-boundary of Cornwall's St Columb Major.

But first, the meaning of the name ‘Nankivell’. 
The oft-quoted suggestion that it means “Valley of the Horse” is unacceptible because ‘Horse’ in Cornish is ‘Margh’

What Edmund regards as this falsehood appears in T F G Dexter's 1926 book "Cornish Names - an attempt to explain over 1600 Cornish names" 
where "Nanskeval" is said to mean "Valley of Horse (cevil)". But the Edmund Nankivell Jr  research finds that while cevil is close to Wesh Celtic for horse
(which is ceffyl) it is nothing like the Cornish Celtic for horse which is margh.

The genealogist who prepared the very detailed genealogy of the name Nankivell for my father Howard Noel Nankivell back in the 1920s,  
              stated the name means “ Valley of the Woodcock”.

As the Cornish Celtic word for ‘Woodcock’ is ‘Keveleg’ this is very plausible. And of course Nan, Nans and Nance mean “Valley”.

There are many hundreds of Nankivells listed on this wikitree genealogy website  htpps://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/NANKIVELL. 
Many from Cornwall, Devon, Australia and New Zealand.

The Cornish language (Kernewek) is not dead eben though the last Cornish speaker with no English was a woman called Chesten Marchant who died in 1676; a woman called Dolly Pentreath who died in 1777 also a fluent natural Cornish speaker. Fluent users of Cornish as well as English continued right through to the late 1890s. Nevertheless the 'Cornish Language Partnership' website reported in 2010 that there are around 300 fluent Cornish speakers who use Cornish regularly, with about 5000 Cornish people who have a basic converstional ability in the language. In 2018 we learn that 77 people passed the Cornish Language Board exam, an increae of 15% over 2017. This rise is thought to be due to the success of the Welsh/Cornish singer Gwenno Saunders (she grew up in a Cornish-language-speaking family) who in 2018 released her first album in Cornish entitled "Le Kov" 
(meaning a "Place of Memory" in Cornish) with English-language subtitles. 
In the 2011 UK Census, 273 people in Cornwall listed Cornish as their first language. More here. on this cornwall.gov.uk website

Now, here is a quote from the book Vale of Lanherne, which was actually written in 1903 by Charles Lee when he was the organist at St Mawgan church:– 

      He quotes the words of “the local bard” as follows:– “You may search in and out, you may hunt up and down, but you won’t find an equal to Mawgan Churchtown. Lanvean and PolgreenTolcarne and Trevedras. Lanherne and Nanskival and Gluvian and Deerpark. Trevarrian, Tregurran, Trevena, Carloggas, Trenoon and Bolingey and Mawgan Churchtown”. 
All underlined names have been located and are close to St Mawgan, implying Nanskival is similarly a place near St Mawgan. Trenoon was very near St Mawgan as a report about the construction of the airfield south of St Mawgan (sometimes called Carnanton Airfield) states that it “engulfed Trenoon”. It would also have engulfed Deerpark.
And on Page 40 of this book there are two metions of "Nanskival" where ithe book has this:-  "...Nanskival - which in the old Cornish language means Woodcock Valley..." and

Another authority tells us that the wild bird Woodcock, in no less than six sub-species, was common in this very region although rare elsewhere in Cornwall.

Arthur Jewer's 1881 book book "The Registers of St Columb Major, Cornwall - 1539 to 1780" tells us that  "The name Nankivell is pure Keltic, and means the 'Glen of the Woodcock' a glen so-called (generally spelled Nanskevall), with its fine old oak wood, lies about two miles from St. Columb". 
But the actual spellings of births marriages and deaths are Nankevell, Nankevall, Nancekevell, Nanskeval, Nanscavoll before settling, before 1780, on Nankivell. 
But there are spelling errors as in "John Nankevell & Jane his wiffe" with "wife" spelled correctly elsewhere. There is also "Alice Nankevall, wydow". 
Moreover  in Charles Lee's 1903-compiled book "The Vale of Lanherne - Past and Present" the author takes a path through the Tolcane Hamlet then behind the ruined Lawry's Mill to Nanskival - and the author continues "which in the old language means Woodcock Valley". See below a picture of Lawry's mill.

Another piece of evidence of where Nankivells come from is the map found on Page 44 of the hardback “The Book of St Columb and St Mawgan”
which shows “A Plan of Carnanton with Nanskivell". This is from Carnanton Estate Records. 
Now  Carnanton Manor is close to St Mawgan and about 2 to 3 miles West of St Columb Major, so very much in the region of interest.

In the recent map shown here, symbols added are N = Nanscuval (Nanskival etc) 
whilst the horizontal "H" is Carnanton Manor House 
- as it looks like that from the air.

More good evidence of the existence of Nanskival as a place, however small a place, is a reference dated 2011 about the St Columb Major’s Townsmen v. Countrymen Hurling Match that year:– Townsmen live in the St Columb town itself, Countrymen live in the rest of the parish. 
For more on Cornish hurling go to:-   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_hurling
To win, a contestant had to get the silver ball to one of two goals. One goal is a mile from the Market Square start, 
the other goal is to get the silver ball over the parish boundary anywhere. 
In 2011 the Townsmen won, when a townsman got the silver ball just over/outside the parish boundary..
Here is the important quote regarding this 2011 event:- "Sean Johns...broke away and led the chasing pack down to the parish boundary at Nanskival".

Another authority has this highly relevant information, here quoted:–
"The Carnanton Estate included the ancient Nanskeval House which is recorded in 1277 as Nanscuvel. It is thought that the surname of Nankivell and its variants derives from here. Nans means "valley" in Cornish. It has been proposed that Kivell may derive from an extinct Celtic word for "horse" (as there is a similar word in Welsh, though margh is the Cornish word for horse). Alternatively, the Cornish word kevelek for Woodcock has been suggested, which would be highly compatible with the wooded river valley in which pheasants thrive today. It's also possible that Cuval or Kevall was simply someone's name".

Also - there is a Landscape document by www.cornwall.gov.uk which is dated 2012 by Parsons Brinkerhoff. 
It refers (in paragraphs 7.4.6,  7.4.7,  7.5.1  7.5.17 & 7.5.20) to Nanskeval Woods in the Carnanton Estate.

In Victorian times, Nanskeval House was the home of Edward Brydges Willyams (1831-1916), three times Liberal MP (MP twice for Truro, once for East Cornwall), who in 1892 was appointed 'High Sherriff of Cornwall'. He was a keen supporter of Cornish Hurling (Hurlian in Cornish); in 1916 he died in Carnanton Manor. 
It was said that the owner of Nanskeval House played cards with the newcomers, the Willyams, at Carnanton and lost his ownership of the esate due to gambling losses. We are told that the Estate, as of 2018, is still owned by descendants of the same family.

Nanskeval House became a Guest-House in the 1960s, run by a the fairly elderly Irish couple Mr & Mrs  Pedlar. 
There were 27 bed-rooms, a large entrance hall and a wide sweeping staircase. Mr Pedlar worked on the local farm land 
- as remembered by a couple and their family that stayed in Nanskeval House four or five times in the late 1960s and early 1970s -  they described a wide sweeping driveway, stone steps leading up to the house with two stone pillars with big stone spheres on their tops (see photo below). There was a young girl who helped Mrs Pedlar with cooking and serving the meals - she must have lived nearby as she walked to and from the house, so it may even be that she lived at Nanskeval Cottage. 
For the guests, it was only a short stroll through the woods to a pub in St Mawgan. The farm had a dairy herd - the dairy was in a small building which was originally a chapel, which survived the distruction of the Nanskeval House.
But Nanskeval House suffered from dry rot and other age-related problems, and the Pedlars closed it down and either died there or returned to Ireland, so it then became empty and was demolished in 1975 - for more, see below.

Here is a relevant comment on Nanskeval House:- The towns-folk in St Columb Major were not so happy with the demolition since it had been marked as a heritage listed property. The owner, the now deceased resident at Carnanton Manor, apparently thought very little of this and went in on a weekend and bulldozed the buildings.

This reference, below, to Nanskeval Cottage was found on the internet:- 

Nankeval Cottage. St Mawgan  TR8 4EB  Latitude  N=50.445 degrees, Longitude W=4.97689 degrees.
This is dead right !!  Been there in 2008 !!! Photographed it !!!!

And here - below - are the 2018 photos of Nanskeval Cottage -
it looks quite nice from the front but somewhat rough at the back - maybe it was still habitable.

When Nanskeval House was still lived in as guest-house, the couple living in the Nanskeval Cottage 
worked at Nanskeval House

In January 1950 Norah Jaggers and her family stayed there while Mr Jaggers worked as a gardener on the Carnanton Estate.
They left in 1955. Norah reported it was known as the "Dower House" for Nanskeval which was then effectively the Home Farm for the estate. Norah tells us the cottage had a reception room on both sides of the entrance-hall, and the kitchen was along the back. The single-storey extension at the back was the dining room; there were three bedrooms upstairs.
The water supply came from a spring higher up in the woods, which fed a tank just outside the kitchen. A hand-pump was used to pump water from it into the water-tank in the attic. 
The farmer was then a man called Roland Pedlar.  

In 2018 Edmund Nankivell Jr saw the cottage - somewhat close to where the Nanskeval House once was - 
looking fairly nice at the front but somewhat rough at the sides and back.
When Nanskeval House was inhabited, this cottage was lived in by the gardener and his family for the Carnanton Estate.

Here - below - is the Nanskeval House before its demolition in 1975. Clearly in the Glen of the Woodcocks !!
The centre part of the house is the original building, probably of pre-Victorian construction.

It had no less than 27 bedrooms but suffered from dry rot. Nanskeval House was on the parish boundaries of St Mawgan in Pydar and St Columb Major. Nankeval House was once the home of Liberal MP Edward Brydges Willyams (1834 -1916) who in 1892 became High Sheriff of Cornwall  - desendants of the same family were still owning Carnanton Estate (in 2020) where the house was and the cottage still is.

The then-owner of Carnaton Manor wanted it gone so, one weekend in 1975, the buldozers went in and down came the ruin.

As the crow flies, not more than a kilometre from Nanskeval Cottage, was "Lawry's Mill" a water-mill so-called because it was lived-in and operated by the Lawry family certainly back in the 1800s. It was Mrs Old living in Lawry's Mill in the 1950s.
Authorities list it as "based in Nanscuval" and it "worked on the river Menalhyl" (where else !!).
Some authorities even named it the "Nankivell Mill"

Here below is a period photo of it showing its white-washed house on the left, the grey-roofed mill-house in the centre,
and its mill-wheel on the right, the date of photo is reckoned to be 1820 - 1830. It was coloured later.
It was still there in 1903 named as "Lawrey's Mill" with cream teas then available, and maybe as late as 1980 
(but cream teas no longer served) as a photo of it appears in Charles Lee's book written in 1903 but not published until 1984

To slightly change the subject, to read Doug and Joan Mumma's very interesting and relevant Nankivell News 

Edmund Nankivell senior was the last Nankivell in my direct line to have been born in Cornwall. He was born on 16 July 1844 and grew up at Penmellyn House, Lower East Street, St Columb Major. The architect-designed "Penmellyn" (a Grade II Listed Building) means "House with the view of a mill" as it was built on high ground overlooking the Menalhyl River (yes !!) in the valley below where there was a working water mill - now fully restored. Penmellyn was built c. 1855 or earlier and this Edmund's father, Dr John Hicks Nankivell (1809 to 1888) is said by our professional genealogist to be "of Penmellyn". So it looks as if he had it built, and his son Edmund would have been aged about 10 or 11 when they moved in.

                                                                      Centre - Edmund Nankivell RN                      Right - Penmellyn House in 2016

Here is a photo of rescued slaves on Edmund Nankivell Sr's ship:-

By 22/11/1877 Edmund Nankivell Sr had moved to, and settled in, Jamaica because the Arab Moslems, 
to avoid the Royal Navy, in order to continue moving their slaves to Arabia had switched to land-routes. 
So there was no longer any navigating for Edmund Nankivell Sr to do off the East Coast of Africa.

In Jamaica he documented (published 1882) all the several harbour systems, with information on how sailing ships fo that time should navigate in and out of these Jamaican harbours - most Jamaican harbours were in river estuaries.

Then in 1883 he published "Jamaica and the Panama Canal" as work had started on the construction of the Panama Canal in January 1882 mostly using Afro West Indian Labour. No doubt much coming from Jamaica.

On the 25th October 1882 - in Jamaica - he married Lilla Agnes Norton,
who had been a child escapee from the USA's civil war (which had run from 1861 to 1865).

His daughter Kathleen Lilla Maud Nankivell was born 6th December 1884 in Jamaica and my father Howard Noel Nankivell was born in Jamaica on 27th March 1893.
Edmund Nankivell RN died on the 17th April 1895 in Jamaica, aged 50 years 9 months when the then-incurable Bright’s Disease (kidney disease) took him away.

Here is a photo taken in Trinidad c. 1935 of Howard Noel Nankivell and his new wife Florence Nankivell 
(maiden name Muysken).
Their daughter Selma was born in Trinidad.

Howard Nankivell's splendid ahead-of-his-time efforts to improve the lot of Trinidad's locals is well covered in this book 
by Trinidad historian Brinsley Samaroo.
The book The Price of Concience is a very good read, an accurate account of what happened - and what should have happened - in Trinidad during Howard Nankivell's period there. It is ISBN 978-1-910553-04-6 published by Hansib.  
Get it ! Have a read !

Late in 1938 Florence Nankivell did a superb thing - she bravely masterminded, arranged and accompanied back from Berlin the very first Kindertransport train (more here:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindertransport), of Jewish children allowed to leave Nazi Germany for Britain; it arrived in Harwich on 3/12/1938 with 200 children - 
just nine months before war broke out, and just a very few days after Kristallnacht. This was the pioneering Kindertransport.
Very many of the children were Jewish orphans as the Nazis had just destroyed their orphanage.
Florence also took part in arranging in Britain foster parents for the children; most but not all went to Jewish homes.
She was very willing to do the second Kindertransport train, but her handlers thought it too dangerous for her.

In the 1950s Florence, living in Cornwall, became involved in archeology and was heavily involved in the 
West Cornwall Field Club.
She organised their digs in West Cornwall and always took part in them. 

One dig was at Bodrifty in West Cornwall. It was basically a circle of Iron Age hut foundations.
Edmund Jr was there in its 2nd year - tasked with cleaning (de-weeding) a hut circle, so it could be photographed.
 He found a tiny piece of pottery just projecting through the compressed-earth Iron Age flooring. 
It turned out to be the bottom half of a Bronze-age pot! A major find
as it showed that the Iron Age folk had found and inhabited a much older Bronze Age establishment!

In 1961 the West Cornwall Field Club evolved into the Cornwall Archaeological Society 
and Florence was its first secretary; for 10 years she worked hard to get it to be a greatly enlarged organisation 
and a very important one - as it always will be.

Her life is an example that women can do just as important, valuable things as men, and what a waste of talent when they were not seen as belonging anywhere outside the kitchen or the baby's nursery

Edmund Typpett Nankivell (Edmund Jr) the author of this website was conceived in Trinidad but born in the Netherlands, 
although spending a couple of years or more in Trinidad when very young.

During the years 1937-1938: Edmund's farther Howard Nankivell, when Trinidad's Colonial Secretary, attacked the way British big business in Trinidad was exploiting their workers, giving them a seriously hard and unhealthy life - famously once in an attacking speech to Trinidad's Legislative Council. Powerful business interests back in London did not like that one little bit so they forced Britain's then Colonial Secretary, at that time a supporter of Nankivell and the very good work he was doing, to remove him from Trinidad and down-grade him to Treasurer of Cyprus, then of course also still a British colony.
After 3 months in the pen-pushing post (he described it) of Treasurer he set out from Cyprus to return to England for Christmas 1938 to be with his family.
This was by boat from Cyprus to Italy then train from Italy via Switzerland and France to Britain

But on 21/12/1938 he was found dead by the railway track in France near St Florentin, fairly close to, but before arriving in Paris, and he is buried at the cemetary in St-Germain-en-Laye near Paris.

Howard Noel Nankivell is still revered in Trinidad. As of  2020, Trinidad singer Attila The Hun's Calypso 
"Mr Nankivell's Speech" is still available on the internet

Howard Nankivell's grave in France has been renovated, to the delight of some people in Trinidad !

Some Cornish people still regard Cornwall, not as an English county, but as a British county called Kernow !

The "wall" part of the name, just as with "Wales" refers to the Saxon subtitle for them as "foreigners"

Australian readers might be interested in the book "Australia's Little Cornwall" by Oswald Prior.  In the 1980 re-print, in Chapter 13 "Industrial Unrest" it seems that miners in Moonta were to go on strike - this was around 1920. (Many Cornish went to Australia as miners of course). There is a meeting at which "Nankivell, the last speaker, wanted to know whether they could go on strike without waiting for permission from the Union HQ at Creswick...when they met again the reply was read out to them <Cannot authorize strike>". This is the only mention of "Nankivell" in the book - which first appeared in 1962.

In Moonta ("Australia's little Cornwall") there is even a Nankivell Park which inludes a marble arch war memorial 
to the 34 Nankivells who fought with the Australian military in WW1: one died in action.
It is clear that quite a few Nankivells went from Cornwall to Moonta  to work the mines.
And near Tumby Bay, just across Spencers Gulf from Moonta, South Australie, 
there is a Nankivell Road and a Nankivell Street.
Both the street and the park are named after the Edward Nankivell (son of Edward and Ann) who worked on the railways, Laura Nankivell tells us. 

Left and centre photos thanks to Judy Weggelaar.
On the right: Aidan Nankivell at Nankivell Park in 2011, this photo from his dad Rob Nankivell

Another Australian/Cornish link is in Tasmania where there is a Tamar Valley with a Tamar River.
As is well-known, in Britain the river Tamar divides Cornwall from Devon; it rises just under four miles from the north coast to run all the way to the south coast. Furthermore, one mile West of the middle-stage of Cornwalls River Tamar, 
so just inside Cornwall, is the town of Launceston.
And in Tasmania, at the head of its River Tamar, there is also a town named Launceston!
Still in Tasmania, in addition to the Tamar Valley Vineyards there is also the "Tamar Valley Dairy" 
producing lovely dairy products.

Australia's "Most heroic woman" and "Most decorated woman" was Joice Mary Nankivell (b.1887 in Queensland, Australia - died 1982 in Ouranoupoli, Greece). Her married name was Joice NanKivell Loch. She was a very notable humanitarian worker, also an author and journalist. In 1922 she published the still-available book Ireland in Travail covering the rise of Sinn Fein 1910 to 1921 written by her with her soon-to-be-husband Sydney Loch. Then she did brilliant work with the ethnic Greeks who were forced out of newly created Turkey and in fact she died in the building in Ouranoupolis from where her essential humanitarian work was carried out at a time when Greece was in poverty and could not help the Greek refugees financially:- do read her biographical book "Blue Ribbons Bitter Bread" by Susanna de Vries ISBN 978-0-980216-0-0. 
Joice Mary Nankivell had also worked wih refugees in eastern Europe and one of her most daring efforts was to rescue more than a 1000 Jewish women and children from the Nazis in Poland and Romania.  
Joice is related to Edmund Nankivell Jr (the author of this web page) and appears on his genealogical tree.
At her funeral in Greece in 1982 a Greek Orthodox Bishop named her:-
"one of the most significant women of the 20th Century".

Another famous Nankivell is Reginald Nankivell (1898–1977) - also known as Sir Rex Charembac Nan Kivell  born and educated in New Zealand, the illegitimate son of Alice Nankivell, brought up by his grandparents George & Annie Nankivell. As a young man with some money he came to England in 1919 to join - in 1925 - the newly-formed Redfern Art Gallery, taking it over in 1931, and he made good money as an art dealer. He collected books, periodicals, maps, paintings, prints artefacts etc from 1770 to 1900 mainly about the Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Ocean region including the early history of Australian colonisation. He donated and sold about 5000 items to the Australian National Library, for which he was knighted. He evolved his name to Sir Rex de Charembac Nan Kivell KCMG seeing himself as very European. He also made significant donations to the relevant New Zealand archive.

To contact Edmund Typpett Nankivell, the author of this web page:-

E-mail:  <ed  AT  jowettjupiter.co.uk>

telephone:  +44 (0)1273-843 457

Address:-
Penmellyn
6 Kymer Gardens
Hassocks, Sussex
BN6 8QZ
England

|Click here for Doug Mumma's Nankivell Notebook|

or click here for the NANKIVELL Facebook page

Wikipedia has this Nankivell page <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankivell>

 Go to <https://wikitree.com/genealogy/NANKIVELL> for Wikitree Nankivell genealogy - 
several 100s of Nankivells are listed, in Cornwall, Devon, Australia and New Zealand - the earliest is dated 1715

The "Find My Past" website  <https://www.findmypast.co.uk/surname/nankivell>  has this Nankivell section